Choose an MSDS/SDS for hazard communication, a TDS for product specifications and application information, and a CoA for actual batch results. A buyer or courier may request more than one because each answers a different question.
How do MSDS, TDS and CoA differ?
| Document | Main question answered | Typical scope |
|---|---|---|
| MSDS/SDS | What are the hazards and safe-handling measures? | A defined substance, mixture or product. |
| Technical Data Sheet | What are the product’s specifications and recommended applications? | A product grade or commercial specification. |
| Certificate of Analysis | Did this batch meet the tested specification? | A specific batch or lot. |
What does an MSDS/SDS contain?
An SDS uses a structured hazard-communication format covering product identity, classification, ingredients, first aid, fire response, spill handling, storage, exposure controls, physical data, stability, toxicology and other information.
The official OSHA SDS appendix describes the required headings. An SDS is not primarily a performance specification or proof that a batch passed a purity test.
What does a Technical Data Sheet contain?
A TDS usually explains the product’s commercial and application properties. Depending on the product, it may include appearance, viscosity, density, coverage, cure time, recommended dosage, processing conditions, storage life or performance claims.
A TDS can support SDS preparation by providing reliable physical and use information, but it usually does not provide the full hazard classification and emergency guidance.
What does a Certificate of Analysis contain?
A CoA records results for an identified batch against agreed parameters. It may list assay, purity, moisture, pH, density, microbiological limits or other product-specific tests. The report should identify the batch, test method or specification and result.
A generic specification sheet without actual batch results is not the same as a CoA. See the Certificate of Analysis service for the batch workflow.
Which document is used for export or courier review?
Couriers commonly ask for an SDS when they need hazard and transport information. Buyers may also request a TDS to understand the product and a CoA to verify batch quality. Batteries, dangerous goods and regulated products may require additional documents.
Which documents require laboratory testing?
| Document | Is new testing always required? |
|---|---|
| SDS | No. Existing reliable evidence may be sufficient, although targeted testing may be needed for unresolved classification-critical properties. |
| TDS | Not always. Specifications may come from validated product or process data. |
| CoA | Usually based on actual batch tests or verified analytical results. |
Which document should you request?
| Your requirement | Start with |
|---|---|
| Worker or warehouse safety | MSDS/SDS |
| Product application and specifications | TDS |
| Batch purity or quality results | CoA |
| Courier or freight review | SDS, followed by any transport-specific documents requested |
| Buyer onboarding | Confirm the checklist; the buyer may need all three |
Which official references support this guide?
The rules quoted below belong to their respective jurisdictions. They explain the cited principle and should not be treated as one universal requirement for every product or country.
- OSHA Appendix D: Safety Data Sheet structure
- OSHA Safety Data Sheet brief
- UNECE: purpose of GHS hazard communication
Frequently Asked Questions
No. A TDS focuses on specifications and use; an SDS focuses on hazards, precautions and emergency information.
No. A CoA records batch results and does not normally contain the complete hazard-communication information.
It may use relevant test data, but it is not a batch test report or Certificate of Analysis.
The buyer may be checking safety, technical suitability and batch quality as separate parts of onboarding.
A CoA is normally batch-specific. An SDS usually covers a defined product rather than one individual batch.
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